Some common ingredients

Romanus, the boy whom I am teaching how to cook, mentioned with great difficulty that he sometimes does not know what certain ingredients are called. Although he has been cooking some very simple dishes with those ingredients, he has been doing so without really knowing their names. So for the benefit of my dear Romanus and others, here are four very common ingredients.

Caroenum: Boiled must (you have to boil the new wine or grape juice until it is only half the amount you started with).
Defritum: Either thick fig syrup, or must that's boiled until you have only a third of the amount with which you started.
Liquamen: a salty fish sauce. Most of the time you can replace it by salt.
Passum: Very sweet wine sauce, made by boiling the must (new wine or grape juice) to thicken it.

Better late than never.